Architectural Design of the Autostadt roof

This paper is aimed at discussing the Autostadt roof which was designed by the German firm Graft. It is placed over one of the service pavilion showcased by Volkswagen. This design resembles a leaf that is placed over the landscape1 (â€Å"Organically shaped autostadt roof†).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Architectural Design of the Autostadt roof specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To a great extent, it represents the most modern trends in architecture. Much attention should be paid to such attributes as increased functional utility, sustainability, innovative construction principles, and integration into the natural and artificial landscape (Organically shaped autostadt roof). These are the main qualities that should be examined more closely in this essay. To a great extent, this work can be used as an example by other exterior designers. There are several reasons why this work has been selected. First of all, one can speak about the unique shape of this structure. It is anchored at only two points due to the use of the static principle (â€Å"Organically shaped autostadt roof†). Yet, the first impression is that this construction will eventually lose its balance. This visual quality is also important for the evaluation of this roof. In turn, there are practically no obstacles that limit the movement of drivers or people who want to enter the pavilion2. This innovative decision of engineers and designers is one of the details that attract the attention of a viewer. In many cases, the roofs in pavilions are restrictive. However, this work deviates from the established pattern. This is one of the reasons why it can be distinguished among other architectural works located at the Autostadt. Furthermore, one can speak about the utility of this architectural design. On the one hand, it effectively protects the vehicles from direct sunlight or rain (â€Å"Autostadt Roof and Service Pavilion by Graft Architects†). This protection is of great importance to people who will attend this pavilion.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, at the same time, this structure makes it possible to reduce the use of electricity (Autostadt Roof and Service Pavilion by Graft Architects). In other words, this architectural work is made sustainable. This is another aspect that should be considered by architects who should remember that the efficient use of energy is vital for many organizations, including Volkswagen or other organizations. This is one of the main attributes of this architectural design. This principle is applied to other constructions located at the Autostadt. Moreover, one should mention that this roof is organically incorporated into the landscape. The roof cannot be viewed as another artificial construction which has been designed without any conside ration for other buildings or natural sites. The designers of this roof avoided this pitfall. More likely, this roof perfectly fits the Autostadt which is maintained by Volkswagen. This quality increases the aesthetic value of this architectural design. It should be kept in mind that this work is located on the territory of Autostadt, the museum of Volkswagen. This place is famous for innovative technological or design decisions which are often emulated by others. On the whole, this discussion indicates that modern architects should take various factors into account. In particular, they should focus on the utility of design, aesthetic value, sustainability, functional utility, and innovation. The work discussed in this paper combines each of these qualities. It exemplifies the most up-to-date trends in the contemporary design. These are the main points that can be made. Appendixes Picture 1 Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Architectural Design of the Autostadt roof specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More (â€Å"Autostadt Roof and Service Pavilion by Graft Architects†) Picture 2 (â€Å"Organically shaped autostadt†) Works Cited â€Å"Autostadt Roof and Service Pavilion by Graft Architects†. Architectism 29 Aug. 2013. Web. â€Å"Organically shaped autostadt roof and service pavilion by graft.† Designboom 16 Sep. 2013. Web. Footnotes 1 Please, refer to the Appendixes, Picture 1.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2 Picture 2 This essay on Architectural Design of the Autostadt roof was written and submitted by user Mia Sharp to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Rise of African Slavery in the New World essays

The Rise of African Slavery in the New World essays The transformation of slavery from simple servitude to race-based slavery happened almost immediately after the New World was discovered. Slavery in Africa was based not on color or race but on the winners and losers of wars. There were four things that greatly contributed to African, race-based slavery: the European attitude towards Africans, the European attitudes toward slavery, the overall labor shortage in the New World due to the failure of European and Native American laborers, and the great ease that the Europeans had in getting slaves in Africa. The Europeans often treated the Africans as inferior, libidinous, dirty, uncivilized heathens who werent even worthy of being called humans. In White Mans Burden, the author describes the basic attitudes of Europeans towards Africans as one of disgust because the Africans wore fewif anyclothes and they didnt share the same religious views as them. The Europeans were very close-minded and this only helped to fuel the slave trade in th e New World. I would say that the Europeans mind set had the biggest effect in the change to race-based slavery. During the first days of the slave trade, some Europeans felt that slavery was immoral and unjust. This way of thinking was quickly challenged by pro-slavery royalty, explorers, businessmen, and other people who would benefit from the growth of slavery in the Americas. The pro-slavery Europeans argued that since the Bible never says slavery is wrong, there can be no way that it is immoral. Another argument was that slavery had been around for as long as recorded time so, therefore, there must be something good about it if it can last this long. The European attitudes toward slavery greatly assisted in the growth of the new slave trade. During the first few years of the New World settlements, the Europeans tried many different ways to cope with the labor shortage. Because most of the Europeans tha...

Facilitate Adult Learning Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Facilitate Adult Learning - Coursework Example Conflict entails the clash between two forces, because of different expectations, beliefs and needs. In classroom situation, conflict represents incivility. This explains intentional behavior by students to negatively interfere with the learning or teaching process of others. Hence conflict manifests itself in several ways between various parties; for instance, class versus teacher, student versus teacher and student versus student. This paper illustrates three conflict scenarios. Firstly, conflict arises when student(s) contiguously challenges the authority and knowledge of the instructor; for example, inappropriately describing the abilities of the instructor. Secondly, conflict takes place when the student deliberately affect the classroom; for instance, participating in leisure discussions or being unprepared. Thirdly, conflict occurs when a student is impolite; for instance, insulting other students (Johnston, 2010). There are several explanations to the conflict situation in the classroom. This reasons are; increased diversity of the student body, increased emotional issues among the huge number of students, increased success pressure, and the perception that education involves business transaction; hence they pay to achieve higher grades (Johnston, 2010). Students are not solely responsible for the conflict in the classroom. Studies have shown that instructors contribute significantly towards students’ incivility. For instance, an instructor who communicates ineffectively or inappropriately with students is more likely to experience disputes or heated disagreements. Also, an instructor who does not establish proper learning environment, may encourage display of resistance or arrogance by students. For instance, being unprepared. Teachers can apply various techniques so as to minimize occurrence of conflict in the classroom. These techniques are; completing class inventory, having a classroom discussion, creating a

Predestination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Predestination - Essay Example As such, he places the human beings where he wants them to be for fulfillment of his purpose because God made every human being with his own intentions and therefore, no one has the right to abuse it. On the other hand, determinism is based on the notion that everything that happens has a reason and is influenced by something else. The decisions made by people on how they want their lives to turn out, or the results they expect from their behaviors are based on something which happened earlier and influenced their lives. As such, determinism is not influenced by religious affiliations and beliefs, but rather by choices and consequences. This means that life is free and has no preset conditions which influence the fate of humans. The choices made determine the kind of life’s outcome to expect. Eliot’s Silas Marner is a book that starts with predestination and ends with determinism. The book is set in two different places - Lantern Yard and Raveloe. Lantern Yard is highly religious and salvation is highly predestined there. Cleanliness in faith is not a guarantee that you are predestined to serve God. This is because there are already those who are predestined to serve God there even when they are very unclean. For instance, William, who demonstrates the opposite of the faith he claims to exercise is predestined to serve God while Silas is predestined not to exercise salvation despite being very innocent and pure. In Raveloe, people’s lives are controlled by determinism as morals as opposed religion are upheld. As such, people suffer the consequences of their own actions. Predestination is witnessed through the analysis of the character of Silas Marner. He seems to be born with a predestined personality and no matter what he does, he has no control to change the course his life is taking. Religion in Lantern Yard is very strict and salvation seems to the based on predestination. Silas is a very staunch believer of faith but he loses

Problem Definition at Kudler Fine Foods Case Study

Problem Definition at Kudler Fine Foods - Case Study Example With the reasonable success of its first three stores, Kudler desires to expand into other locations in Southern California as well as in San Francisco. It is also planning to expand its products and services offerings with the addition of coffee & tea, a fish counter, and a deli, as well as more aggressively market its catering services. In order to target high-end areas in other cities, Kudler plans to launch an internet website that will eventually have e-commerce capabilities. Several issues have been identified in Kudler's current operations that need to be addressed before it can successfully achieve its future goals. Currently, it deals mainly in perishable goods which require extremely accurate forecasting of inventories so as not to incur losses. Kudler employs some relatively highly paid specialty personnel such as the butcher, the baker and the wine steward, and finding qualified people for a new store or to replace those who leave is difficult, especially so, since Kudler's pay is a bit below average. Kathy Kudler and her small management team may not be able to handle additional stores in farther locations, if their management approach is not adjusted to this situation, which limits their plans for expansion. The Del Mar location is not doing too well and needs to be addressed. Another gourmet shop opening within Kudler's current market areas would definitely pose a threat. And since, Kudler's gourmet products are pricey, an economic decline in i ts geographic area would definitely hurt Kudler. Problem/Opportunity Taking economic decline as the issue in question, this problem can only be solved by preparing for such an eventuality. According to Joseph Ellis (2005), a Goldman Sachs partner, economic cycles or periods of advancing and slowing are the rule and there are 4 stages of economic downturn: the peak, a modest slowing, intensifying worrying, and the advent of recession. Therefore, preparations to help minimize the threat of an economic decline are always worth undertaking so as not to be caught off-guard when it actually happens. Actions to hedge the disadvantageous effects of an economic decline can present opportunities. Kudler needs to carefully choose locations where it will set up additional stores, like identifying high-growth areas where profitable business operations could be better forecasted. These new locations may be in geographically dispersed areas, therefore the need to take a new management approach for managing more widely dispersed operations needs to be considered. Th e introduction and aggressive marketing of new products and services (such as online selling and catering) in its stores not only enhances Kudler's business viability but will also increase customers' patronage of Kudler as it expands into more stores. In the event of an economic decline in a certain geographic location, Kudler would be able to handle its negative effects because of the increased number of profitable stores operating, while actions are being undertaken to relocate a distressed store. End-State Goals The end vision for Kudler consists of several goals that would have

Post-War Changes to British Society

Post-War Changes to British Society Life is more uncertain now than it was in the early 1950s. Discuss this claim. Introduction The welfare state, which was a feature of 1950s Britain was predicated on an optimistic view of the world, and one which anticipated that British social institutions such as the family would remain the same. However, increased technological change, post-war immigration policy and a fluctuating world market brought such certainties into question. Britain rapidly became a more liberal and culturally diverse society and this had implications in almost every area of social life. This paper will examine the view that life is more uncertain now than it was in the early 1950s. In doing so it will examine knowledge, particularly religious knowledge, the concept of the family, and the processes of globalization. The Family In the 1950s the institution of the family was seen as one of the best ways of ordering our lives. It was the primary instrument of socialization where children learned the norms and values of the society in which they lived. The transformation of family life and of family forms has been unprecedented in the last thirty years the traditional nuclear family of father, mother and children, has been challenged and in some cases abandoned in favour of other ways of living.[1]Some of these changes have come about as the result of the feminist challenge to patriarchal power and the patriarchal nature of the traditional family. Prior to the Second World War men were the family breadwinners and women stayed at home to look after the children and to tend to the husband’s needs. From the mid-nineteen fifties onwards women started to re-enter the workplace in increasing numbers. This gave women more choices about how they would live their lives, such choices were not available in the ear ly nineteen fifties but the late twentieth century and twenty first centuries are characterized by a diversity of family forms. The nuclear family no longer dominates, now we have step families, lone parent families and cohabiting same sex couples, all existing alongside the nuclear family. Statistics on these different family forms have been used by Conservative Governments to claim that there is a breakdown of the traditional family and this has led to a much wider moral decay in society.[2] There has also been concern over men’s power and role in family life and the implications this may have for social order (Phillips, 1997).[3] Phillips argues that the decline in the family may lead to the death of fatherhood and could have implications for men’s health and their son’s development. It refers not only to changes in the family but to the fact that these changes could also bring about the destruction of the things which hold society together. Feminists on the other hand welcome the change in family forms because they have challenged the patriarchal nature of the nuclear family in the same way as they have challenged the patriarchal nature of religion. Religious Knowledge Prior to the Enlightenment religious knowledge was regarded as authoritative. Religious knowledge is knowledge that is based on revealed truths rather than empirical data or scientific experimentation. Although sometimes science and religion are interested in the same questions such as the history of the world and the nature of humnity[4] The rise in scientific knowledge called the claims of religion into question and the late twentieth century has seen this questioning in the form of a massive decline in Church attendance.[5] In spite of this Armstrong (1999)[6] has said that since the 1970s religion has been high on the agenda in the forms of the Christian Right in America and the tensions between Jews and Muslims in the Middle East. Marx, Durkheim and Weber, the acknowledged fathers of the social sciences, predicted that increased industrialization and new technologies would bring massive social change and that this would result in secularization.[7] Certainly on the surface this appears to be occurring, Church attendance has declined since the 1950s and education and welfare, which were once functions performed by the Church, have been taken over by the state. In addition to this, other forms of knowledge, such as science, appear to have more credibility than religious knowledge.[8] It might be said that religious knowledge remains to the extent that it provides some kind of answers to questions that science has so far failed to answer, such as where we go when we die. Social scientists have defined religion in two ways, the substantive definitions say what religion is while functionalist definitions say what religion does. Emile Durkheim (1912/1965) for example described religion as a sort of social glue which held society together. Durkheim believed that although religion would remain, it would, over time, change its form[9] Thus, because religion served a social function, traditional religious services might be replaced by other traditional gatherings su ch as Thanksgiving in America (Bellah, 1970).[10] Max Weber (1904/1930) on the other hand said that religion gave meaning to people’s actions eg. the Protestant work ethic Weber[11] Weber believed that when people became disenchanted with the supernatural content of religion then religion would die out. Peter Berger (1967) has said of religion that: †¦religion is the audacious attempt to conceive of the entire universe as being humanly significant (Berger, 1967:28).[12] The search for significance spreads across cultures. In the 1950s Britain was still seen as a largely Christian country and the Church of England was the established Church, the official religion. Mass immigration from 1948 onwards has meant that Britain is now a multi-cultural and multi-faith society. At the same time feminists have challenged the masculine bias contained within traditional religious knowledge and say that women’s experiences of religion have been ignored. The secularization thesis holds that religion is dying out but the situation with religious knowledge is not as simple as that, rather the situation is changing, and so traditional beliefs are called into question. This questioning tends to make people more uncertain of the beliefs they hold than might previously have been the case. Such changes are not confined to Britain but appear to be taking place on a global scale. Globalisation Since the 1950s the world has witnessed vast changes in transportation, in technology, communications and agriculture. Increased trade flow between different countries and the spread of capitalism has meant that the borders between nations are not as fixed as they once were and diverse societies are moving closer together.[13] There are differing views on globalization and these can be broadly defined in the following ways. Globalists, argue that we are witnessing changes that are being felt across the world and that increasingly nation states are becoming less autonomous. Internationalists on the other hand do not hold this view, they believe that the global movements we are seeing are not a new phenomenon. Although international activity may appear to have intensified in recent years they argue that in some areas this has strengthened state powers.[14] The third view is that of the transformationalists who say that globalization has created new circumstances which are transforming state powers. Transformationalists say that although the outcome may be uncertain politics can no longer be the preserve of individual nation states. This is because the social and political contexts are changing and this has implications for the way states operate.[15] The information age as personified by the internet, satellite television and mobile phones means that people can communicate across the globe in almost an instant. Global economic changes can affect many different societies, some benefit from this and some end up worse than they were before. This has led Giddens (1999) to say that we are living in a runaway world that is propelled by forces that are beyond our understanding.[16] Held (1995) has argued that nation states are defined by their borders and the forces of globalization are breaching those borders and threatening the autonomy of individual states. Large corporations such as Microsoft control global markets hold considerable power, such power could end up in the hands of a few individuals and would thus become domination (Allen, 2004). Technology has the power to influence the way we see people and places, for example we may no longer have to visit a bank to pay our bills but can do it online. In this way the physical distances between people become unimportant.[17] Globalisation means that wherever we live our lives may be determined by forces that are outside our control. Theorists who take this position see globalization as a threat to different social and cultural histories and to collective and individual action.[18] Globalists argue that attempts to resist the forces of globalization are doomed to failure, rather we should welcome changes such as new technologies which may help to reduce pollution in the world. Internationalists are skeptical about these changes and argue against the idea that there has been a fundamental shift in social relations. They believe that nation states still have the power to order their own economies and determine their own welfare regimes. They do however point to the inequalities that women and unskilled workers may face due to the forces of big business and global capitalism. Transformationalists agree that to some extent nation states have remained autonomous but they also say that the effects of globalization cannot be dismissed. The effects of globalization are uncertain and uneven, they have produced changes in the way we live and these changes need to be studied. They argue that the forms of globalization are not necessarily irreversible but may call for new structures and forms of governance. Conclusion The late twentieth and early twenty first centuries have brought with them vast changes to life in Britain. In the early nineteen fifties people’s futures seemed secure and this security was bolstered by Government claims that the introduction of the welfare state meant that people would be looked after from the cradle to the grave. History shows that this was an over optimistic claim and the notion of full employment on which the welfare state was based has not been realized. In the last thirty years advances in many different areas have drastically changed life for a large percentage of the population. Religion is no longer so authoritative as it once was, and many children are not growing up in traditional families. In addition to these things Britain is now part of the European Union and contact with people of other nations is becoming a normal part of life. The notion of security that existed in the years following the war were based on idealistic visions of the future an d this may be why we now view life as more uncertain. Bibliography Book 3 v2 Book 4 v.2 Book 5 v.2 Armstrong, K 1999 â€Å"Where has God gone† Newsweek 12th July pp 56-7 Bellah, R 1970 Beyond Belief New York, Harper and Row Berger, P. 1967 The Sacred Canopy New York, Doubleday Giddens, A 1999 Runaway World, The BBC Reith Lectures London, BBC Radio 4, BBC Education Phillips, M.. 1997 â€Å"Death of the Dad† The Observer 2nd November 1997 1 Footnotes [1] Book 3 v.2 [2] Book 3 v2 page 68 [3] Phillips, M.. 1997 â€Å"Death of the Dad† The Observer 2nd November 1997 [4] Book 5 vs p.53 [5] Book 5 v.2 [6] Armstrong, K 1999 â€Å"Where has God gone† Newsweek 12th July pp 56-7 [7] The removal of the public functions of religion to the private sphere [8] Book 5 v2 p.52 [9] Ibid p, 57 [10] Bellah, R 1970 Beyond Belief New York, Harper and Row [11]ibid [12] Berger, P. 1967 The Sacred Canopy New York, Doubleday [13] Book 4 v.2 see page 9 [14] Ibid see page 11 [15] ibid [16] Giddens, A 1999 Runaway World, The BBC Reith Lectures London, BBC Radio 4, BBC Education [17] Ibid page 18 [18] Ibid page 21

Ray Bradbury’s There Will Come Soft Rains and James Tiptree Jr.s The L

Ray Bradbury’s "There Will Come Soft Rains" and James Tiptree Jr.'s "The Last Flight of Dr. Ain" - Probable Futures of our World Since the beginning of time mankind has predicted the end of the universe. From early Christians to science fiction authors of the 20th century, each generation has had its own vision of how life on earth will cease to exist. In earlier times though, most apocalyptic ideas consisted of the "hand of God," or God’s figures punishing humankind for its sins and ending human existence. However, in the mid-twentieth century many more scientific ideas of the apocalypse appeared. Ray Bradbury’s "There Will Come Soft Rains," which was published in 1950, is a post-nuclear apocalyptic tale. "The Last Flight of Dr. Ain," written in 1969 by James Tiptree Jr. is a story about the world ending due to biological terrorism. Amazingly, over 30 years since the publication of the latter, these ideas are currently two of the most prevalent thoughts on how the world will come to end. "There Will Come Soft Rains" illustrates the devastating effects of nuclear warfare. Bradbury’s use of vivid and poignant details to describe the end of world shows exactly how unforgiving nuclear weapons are. "The house stood alone in a city of rubble and ashes†¦. At night the city gave off a radioactive glow which could be seen for miles" (Bradbury 719). It is almost impossible to imagine this landscape appearing in real life; almost everything destroyed, and the buildings that are still standing left in shambles. Weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear warheads, seem to have God-like powers. They can level an entire city in one swift blow, and whoever has possession of the most of them rules the world. In an instant everything is d... ...both be probable futures of our world. In the case of these two stories, science fiction and reality seem to almost overlap, and in a not too distant future they could become one. Bibliography Anthrax. 5 November 2001. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 30 November 2001. http://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccine/anthrax.htm Bradbury, Raymond Douglas. "There Will Come Soft Rains." The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Ed. Garyn G. Roberts. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. 718-722 "Bush Bioterrorism Funding Request Low, CDF Chief Says" Baltimore Sun. 30 November 2001. 30 November 2001. http://chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/bal-te.anthrax30nov30.story Tiptree Jr., James. "The Last Flight of Dr. Ain." The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Ed. Garyn G. Roberts. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. 915-921

Rhetorical Essay: the Market for a Yale Women’s Eggs

Mathew Rios, Alberto Rosado 9/10/12 Jessica Cohen’s â€Å"The Market for a Yale Women’s Eggs† first appeared in the New Journal in 2001. In this essay Jessica talks about her experience trying to be an egg donor. With narration of her experience and the research she did on the topic, Jessica writes an interesting informal essay. As a child Jessica used to read â€Å"Where did I come from? † but now it’s out of date replaced by â€Å"Mommy Did I Grow in Your Tummy? : Where Some Babies Come From† This shows the changing ways of baby conception.She informs the reader that the infertility industry is a $2 Billion a year industry. It shows how many people actually do this type of thing a year. Jessica informs the reader about this to show how often this occurs. Not only does Jessica tell the reader about egg donations but also her own experience on the subject. This particular anecdote shows how business like people can be when discussing the conc eption of their baby. â€Å"Can you tell me about your academic performance? What are you taking at Yale?What high school did you attend? † Jessica compared David and Michelle (the couple who had sent out the ad) to a modern day Darwinist. Jessica began to have second thoughts because â€Å"It would lead to the creation of a child with to many expectations† She did not have to worry because she was not accepted as the donor. Jessica ends the essay with a scenario where the adult is trying to explain to them how hard they worked. The child would turn to them and utter the same parting words. The parents said to her â€Å"ho-hum†

Free Essays on Heat of Darkness

In the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad one of the major themes is the perversity of the Congo. What is good and evil in the European world becomes distorted and hazy in the heart of Africa. To the outside world white is good and black is evil; it is as simple as that. This philosophy is embodied in Marlow’s aunt, who believes that his job is to bring light into the land of darkness and to enlighten the savages. This idea, however, becomes corrupted when white objects symbolize suffering and greed instead of good, and light images hide the presence of darkness. Symbols such as, a white rag, white imperialists and ivory, no longer represent the good will of the imperialists, on the other hand they represent the exploitation and chaos that the Europeans have brought to the Congo. The main character Marlow is faced with this confusion as he voyages through the jungle, and he must reevaluate his former opinions, which no longer hold true. The European philosophy is shown t hrough the conversation that Marlow has with his aunt before commencing his adventure. According to her, his job seems clear: to bring civilization and light to the â€Å"heart of darkness.† Instead of focusing on the horrors of imperialism she is disillusioned to believe that it is all for the better. The Europeans, especially the British have no respect for other cultures or other ways of life, and they truly believe that they are helping the Africans. Not by choice but because of the â€Å"white man’s burden† they feel the need to â€Å"[wean] those ignorant millions from their horrid ways†(28). To the outside this seems like an earnest motive; however, once inside Marlow begins to see new forms of corruption. Are the imperialists their to help, or are they there to make money to fulfill their greed? He begins to realize that it is not the black savages who represent evil, but rather the selfish whites. This corruption is further shown through the nove l with sy... Free Essays on Heat of Darkness Free Essays on Heat of Darkness In the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad one of the major themes is the perversity of the Congo. What is good and evil in the European world becomes distorted and hazy in the heart of Africa. To the outside world white is good and black is evil; it is as simple as that. This philosophy is embodied in Marlow’s aunt, who believes that his job is to bring light into the land of darkness and to enlighten the savages. This idea, however, becomes corrupted when white objects symbolize suffering and greed instead of good, and light images hide the presence of darkness. Symbols such as, a white rag, white imperialists and ivory, no longer represent the good will of the imperialists, on the other hand they represent the exploitation and chaos that the Europeans have brought to the Congo. The main character Marlow is faced with this confusion as he voyages through the jungle, and he must reevaluate his former opinions, which no longer hold true. The European philosophy is shown t hrough the conversation that Marlow has with his aunt before commencing his adventure. According to her, his job seems clear: to bring civilization and light to the â€Å"heart of darkness.† Instead of focusing on the horrors of imperialism she is disillusioned to believe that it is all for the better. The Europeans, especially the British have no respect for other cultures or other ways of life, and they truly believe that they are helping the Africans. Not by choice but because of the â€Å"white man’s burden† they feel the need to â€Å"[wean] those ignorant millions from their horrid ways†(28). To the outside this seems like an earnest motive; however, once inside Marlow begins to see new forms of corruption. Are the imperialists their to help, or are they there to make money to fulfill their greed? He begins to realize that it is not the black savages who represent evil, but rather the selfish whites. This corruption is further shown through the nove l with sy...

Creating Two Dimensional Arrays in Ruby

Creating Two Dimensional Arrays in Ruby The following article is part of a series.  For more articles in this series, see  Cloning the Game 2048 in Ruby.  For the complete and final code,  see the gist. Now that we know how the algorithm will work, its time to think about the data this algorithm will work on. There are two main choices here: a flat array of some kind, or a two-dimensional array. Each has their advantages, but before we make a decision, we need to take something into account. DRY Puzzles A common technique in working with grid-based puzzles where you have to look for patterns like this is to write one version of the algorithm that works on the puzzle from left to right and then rotate the entire puzzle around four times. This way, the algorithm only has to be written once and it only has to work from left to right. This dramatically reduces the complexity and size of the hardest part of this project. Since well be working on the puzzle from left to right, it makes sense to have the rows represented by arrays. When making a two dimensional array in Ruby (or, more accurately, how you want it to be addressed and what the data actually means), you have to decide whether you want a stack of rows (where each row of the grid is represented by an array) or a stack of columns (where each column is an array). Since were working with rows, well choose rows. How this 2D array is rotated, well get to after we actually construct such an array. Constructing Two Dimensional Arrays The Array.new method can take an argument defining the size of the array that you want. For example, Array.new(5) will create an array of 5 nil objects. The second argument gives you a default value, so Array.new(5, 0) will give you the array [0,0,0,0,0]. So how do you create a two dimensional array? The wrong way, and the way I see people trying often is to say Array.new( 4, Array.new(4, 0) ). In other words, an array of 4 rows, each row being an array of 4 zeroes. And this appears to work at first. However, run the following code: It looks simple. Make a 4x4 array of zeroes, set the top-left element to 1. But print it and we get†¦ It set the entire first column to 1, what gives? When we made the arrays, the inner-most call to Array.new gets called first, making a single row. A single reference to this row is then duplicated 4 times to fill the outer-most array. Each row is then referencing the same array. Change one, change them all. Instead, we need to use the third way of creating an array in Ruby. Instead of passing a value to the Array.new method, we pass a block. The block is executed every time the Array.new method needs a new value. So if you were to say Array.new(5) { gets.chomp }, Ruby will stop and ask for input 5 times. So all we need to do is just create a new array inside this block. So we end up with Array.new(4) { Array.new(4,0) }. Now lets try that test case again. And it does just as youd expect. So even though Ruby doesnt have support for two-dimensional arrays, we can still do what we need. Just remember that the top-level array holds references to the sub-arrays, and each sub-array should refer to a different array of values. What this array represents is up to you. In our case, this array is laid out as rows. The first index is the row were indexing, from top to bottom. To index the top row of the puzzle, we use a[0], to index the next row down we use a[1]. To index a specific tile in the second row, we use a[1][n]. However, if we had decided on columns†¦ it would be the same thing. Ruby doesnt have any idea what were doing with this data, and since it doesnt technically support two-dimensional arrays, what were doing here is a hack. Access it only by convention and everything will hold together. Forget what the data underneath is supposed to be doing and everything can fall apart real fast.

Franchises and The Laws that Govern Them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Franchises and The Laws that Govern Them - Essay Example Stuller alleges Defendants breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing by attempting to force Stuller to adopt the policy. Both Defendants filed motions to dismiss, denying SNS Operations’ motion to dismiss on the ground that SNS Operations had assigned the Agreements to SNS Enterprises. Stuller did not object to the Report and Recommendation’s characterization of Count II as a breach of contract claim. To state a breach of contract claim under Illinois law, a plaintiff must allege the existence of a contract, substantial performance by the plaintiff, a breach by the defendant, and damages resulting there from. The court found the defendants’ evidence only showed future damages that might be incurred, and, therefore, found the defendants failed to meet their burden of showing actual damages. The court concluded the counterclaim was premature and dismissed it without prejudice. (2) â€Å"Protect each prospective franchisee and the franchisor by providing a better understanding of the business and the legal relationship† between them. 815 ILCS 705/2(2). A private right of action is by section 26 of the IFDA: â€Å"Any person who offers, sells, terminates, or fails to renew a franchise in violation of this Act shall be liable to the franchisee who may sue for damages caused thereby.† 815 ILCS 705/26. Moreover, a franchisee may sue for rescission for a violation of sections 5, 6, 10, 11, or 15 of the IFDA. 815 ILCS 705/26. Not only Stuller alleged untrue statement material was made Stuller also alleged was violated material omission absence language Defendants set prices employment device scheme artifice defraud engagement act practice course business operate fraud deceit Stuller Therefore, Count III states a claim for relief under the IFDA. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the Report, and Recommendation (d/e 33)

English Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

English Class - Essay Example Both articles also identify the parties involved in the incident and reasons behind the fracas, which finally culminates into the killing of five colonists by British Army. Another aspect of similarity is that the articles also carry the engraving of Paul Revere and mentions about one of the victims, Crispus Attucks, who later became a hero. The first article is a brief account of the incident, which is focused on the historical perspective of the occurrence. It is divided into different sections, each dealing with a specific aspect of the incident. Though the second article also provides an historical account of the incident, it is more focused on how Paul Revere, an artist who â€Å"capitalized on the Boston Massacre† to promote his engravings. (The Boston Massacre: A Behind-the-Scenes: Look at Paul Revere’s Most Famous Engraving 1). The former article also provides information about the trials that entailed the incident. On the other hand, the latter is silent on this aspect. The first article dwells on some myths about the Boston Massacre, and emphasizes the fact that â€Å"there were other historical milestones† that forced Boston to revolt (What was the Boston Massacre par. 9). The other article attempts to interpret the allusions shown in the engravings of Paul Revere. The Boston Massacre: A Behind-the-Scenes: Look at Paul Revere’s Most Famous Engraving. Boston Public Library. n.d. Web. 19 Sep. 2011.