CROSS CULTURAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Essay

Sales Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Deals Management - Essay Example Post office based mail fusing a 800 number can be utilized also to the Yellow Pages, as can publicizing in numerous other media.  «Outbound telemarketing takes numerous structures, however it most takes after conventional, spontaneous way to-entryway deals. Contacts are made through cold pitches (irregular), warm calls (referrals) or hot calls (client started demands for information)†2. For instance, producers who were basically speaking with clients through nonintegrated stations are currently discovering it is conceivable to contact them additionally through telemarketing endeavors at a generously lower cost than other incorporated station choices. For this situation, producers increment their station control by including an extra in-house station (telemarketing) while at the same time keeping cost effectiveness high through the use of data innovation. Simultaneously, firms must move with alert as the expansion in combination is probably going to bring about less adaptabili ty. In any case, the net outcome is that new advances permit firms to enter client fragments significantly more effectively than previously. At the end of the day, showcase section obstructions are not, at this point so high, as new advances empower firms to improve advertise inclusion while containing costs3. Both direct selling and direct showcasing utilize telemarketing procedures. Studies noted before show that people in general sees a few weaknesses in purchasing from a telemarketing firm. Proof additionally exists that picture addresses despite everything frequent the apparent authenticity (e.g., pyramids) and moral respectability of direct selling, too of selling in general4. Significant adverse elements ascribed to telemarketing by a cross area of customers are high-pressure selling, questionable sales reps, and loss of contact after the deal. While a few occasions of these practices without a doubt exist, they are a long way from endemic to the business. These picture issue s ought to be tended to and reduced employment fulfillment, responsibility, and efficiency and

Libraries Give Us Power Books Make Us Free

Libraries Give Us Power Books Make Us Free It may come as no surprise that Im a sucker for well-designed books and book art. Or that Im quite a fan of library advocacy.  Put them together, and its like Kryptonite. Pretty, pretty Kryptonite. And youre probably the same, since youre reading Book Riot, where we specializeamong many other thingsin celebrating bookish design and libraries. Well, heres a hunk of alien rock thats totally going to drain your superpowers:  LIBRARIES GIVE US POWER BOOKS MAKE US FREE,  an awe-inspiringly awesome creation by British book designer  Mina Bach. Its like a commonplace book crossed with one of those amazing 1960s experiments (like  The Medium is the Massage) that found new ways to combine word and image on the page. Bach brings together quotations, photos, essays, and other fragments in a wide-ranging and beautiful celebration of the public library system, reading and books.  Indeed, full of surprising visual and tactile effects that play with readers relationship to meaning, Bachs book is both an example of and an argument for the continuing wonder of paper and ink. Check it out: You can see more from LIBRARIES GIVE US POWER BOOKS MAKE US FREEas well as some of Bachs absolutely gorgeous book coversat her website. For just a taste, heres her spare but affecting cover for Jack Kerouacs ON THE ROAD: ____________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.

Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 1114 Words

Roam Free For many years, the field of science has used animals in medical experiments worldwide, because of this innocent animals are being killed everyday. They are being tested with new drugs, new treatments, and by many makeup companies. Connecticut recently celebrated the passage of the â€Å"Beagle Freedom Law†, a law that requires laboratories to work with charities and rescue groups to find homes for research cats and dogs. Animals are being tested so humans do not have to be but animal tests do not reliably predict results in human beings, although animals are the closest thing to humans. Most experiments involving animals are flawed, wasting the lives of innocent animal subjects. Over 100 million animals suffer a year from testing. Testing animals is a lot more expensive than alternative methods and it is wasting government research dollars. Animal testing is not only a bad idea, but it is also inhuman and it should not be tolerated. The FDA should stop allowing animal testi ng. An animal does not give out the same results on a test than a human would. Animals may be the closest thing to humans other than actual humans, however they are not the exact same. The results of the tests done on animals might have a different outcome when the test is done on humans. These tests happening on innocent animals will not have the same results as they would on humans. â€Å"The FDA reports that 92 percent of drugs approved for testing in humans fail to receive approval for human use†Show MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Yoga Essay - 866 Words

Yoga What is yoga and how is it helpful to the average person? Many people hear the word yoga and think of some sort of stretching and breathing, but yoga is much more complex than this. Yoga is actually characterized by body alignment. In other words it consists of many different poses that stretch and relax the entire body. Yoga is not just about someone sitting on the floor twisting their body. Blocks, straps, blankets, mats, and chairs are all used to enhance positions and to make sure each position is executed properly. Does yoga really benefit ones health, or is it just a waste of time? We have some answers to these questions. CLAIMS There are many confusing and conflicting claims made about all alternative†¦show more content†¦The group that practiced yoga was less aggressive, less excitable, evaluated their life satisfaction higher, had less somatic complaints, and was in higher spirits. This is evidence of a lower stress level in the women who engaged in yoga. Another study, done in 1995, on elite runners and highly trained meditators. The runners and meditators were matched in age, sex, and personality. There was an equal positive mood change for both groups. This shows that meditation and yoga are very similar to exercise when it comes to relieving stress and enhancing mood. RELIEF OF MINOR ACHES AND PAINS A study was done in 1994 to see how yoga affected osteoarthritis of the hands. Two groups were again chosen to participate in the study. The first group was a control group that had no treatment and the other group practiced yoga once a week for eight weeks. After the eight weeks pain, strength, motion, joint circumference, tenderness, and hand function were assessed. The group that had studied yoga had less pain and tenderness, and a greater range of motion, where as the control group had much less significant progress. RELIEF OF SYMPTOMS OF HIV/AIDS Yoga has been used experimentally on patients with HIV/AIDS to help slow the progression of the disease. Yoga has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression, and to increase energy and stamina. There is little evidenceShow MoreRelatedYoga And The Yoga Community1497 Words   |  6 PagesYoga, being one of the most effective self help approaches to life and living, invites me to help ensure that it is being integrated with maximum wisdom related to breathing. This page is about supporting and educating the Yoga community in its quest for superior knowledge and effectiveness about proper breathing. It is our responsibility to alert everyone about this as there are probably millions of students and teachers with an unclear or distorted idea of healthy breathing. Nowadays, you canRead MoreThe Power Of Yoga And Yoga Essay964 Words   |  4 Pages The Power of Yoga Are you feeling stressed, worried, unrelaxed, looking to free your mind, or increase your flexibility? That’s where you might look into yoga. Not just yoga but the different distinct types of yoga because depending on what you want to achieve you have to take the right class. Yoga is a Hindu spiritual and an ascetic discipline to help you with specific body health. The word Yoga comes from Sanskrit an ancient indian language. And yoga meaning union. Yoga is said to be forRead MoreYog Yoga And Yoga1370 Words   |  6 PagesIn addition to meditation, yoga is also an important practice in Hinduism as well as in Tibetan Buddhism. Yoga is used as a means to enlightenment and has influenced other religious and spiritual practices throughout the world. The Bhagavad Gita and the Yogasutra are some of the scriptures that establish the basis for yoga. The four main types of yoga are Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga and Raja Yoga. Yoga helps gain a mastery over the body and mind and can lead to the knowledge ofRead MoreWhat is Yoga?1287 Words   |  5 Pages1. What is Yoga? 1.1 What you can get from Yoga It is commonly said that you can get healthy body and mind with Yoga. Through practicing, you can be calm and relaxed. And you get focused mind and a physically strong and flexible body. You can also increase a sensitivity, harmony, and peace of mind. For example, through Yoga, you can change your â€Å"qualitative use of movement: weight distribution, effort, temporality, the coordinated use of parts, and so on.† For example, people who have the heavyRead MoreA Practitioner Of Yoga1587 Words   |  7 Pagesis always released. BhG 6.10: A practitioner of yoga should always join the self to yoga, firm in solitude, alone and restrained, in self and thought, with no desire, and no possessions. BhG 6.14: With fear banished, controlled mind, and the self peaceful, firm in the celibate vow of a student, thinking of me, one should sit joined to yoga, with me as highest. YS 2.30: The yamas are nonviolenceRead MoreYoga Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesMuch of the science of yoga was gained from watching nature and her creatures. Ancient saints and sages noticed that animals with low respiratory rates, like the tortoise, but also like the elephant, and the other animals listed in the chart below lived longer life spans with a controlled, long breath. One can also notice, though, that as the speed of respiration increases, the life span of the animal shortens. Animal Breathing rate, breaths/min Life span, years Horse 8-15 50 Elephant 4-5 (lyingRead MoreThe Origins Of Yoga And The Second School Being Hatha Yoga2963 Words   |  12 Pagespractice of Yoga. His message permeated throughout the United States while capturing the minds of brilliant Americans such as Gertrude Stein. Vivekananda as well as the Doctrine of Yoga were a sensation, but what has become of the mystical practice known as yoga. In this paper I will discuss the origins of yoga in the West, various schools of thought associated with yoga and with a focus on two in particular: the first being Raja yoga (royal yoga) and the second school being Hatha yoga. Dr. John RenardRead MoreThe Benefits of Yoga Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesYoga has been around for centuries, but it has recently increased in popularity. Yoga originated in India and refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines. There are 5 major branches of yoga in the Hindu philosophy, they include: Raja yoga, Karma yoga, Jnana yoga, Bhakti yoga, and Hatha yoga (Yoga). Yo ga goals vary and range from improving health to achieving Moksha (Yoga). â€Å"In the state of Moksha lies the ultimate peace, ultimate knowledge, and ultimate enlightenment. Paradise is believedRead MoreYoga for Healthy Life2853 Words   |  12 PagesYOGA FOR HEALTHY LIFE Everyone desires to have better health without diseases. Of course it is the ultimate objective for utmost happiness in the human life. Even though peoples are taking precautionary measures, some times they get and suffer from diseases due to pollution of air, water and Sound and lack of cleanness. Even if we keep our house clean our surrounding may be spoiled our health. In this sense good habits are the essential factors for maintaining of good health. In fact minor healthRead MoreIs Yoga A Metaphysical Practice?1847 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Sanskrit root yuj, meaning to yoke, join or attach, ’yoga’ can most broadly be thought of as any practice aimed at helping facilitate a union between the limited self and the Divine, or Ultimate Being† (Heerman, 6). For thousands of years the practice of yoga has been used to connect one’s mind, body and soul. We as humans live in a time where it is easy to become detached to our bodies, minds, and spirituality to th e world around us. Yoga is a metaphysical practice this is infamous for connecting

Men and Mice Free Essays

Literature Criticism Essay In essence, Of Mice and Men is a novella about dreams and aspirations. John Steinbeck sets the novel linked to the American Dream during the 1930s Great Depression, when high unemployment made plenty of poor drifters struggle in California with a naive assumption of starting a new life by owning a small piece of land. The two mostly represented characters under that background, George and Lennie, who are itinerant workers from California searching for work on ranches in Soledad, share an innocent dream of â€Å"live off the fatta the Ian† (14). We will write a custom essay sample on Men and Mice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, dreams re integrated with hope, reality, and fate. Firstly, as a true reflection of the 1930s Great Depression in American, the story suggests that the nature of human dreams is a hope to escape from grim reality with the integral point of being independent and living happily. By creating dreams, the life is infused with a driving motive of ambition; while, without dreams and aspirations, life would lack direction and meaning, which is possible to make human sinking into despair. To George and Lennie, the dream of having a small acreage farm means Joys of self dependence, ecurity, and being their own boss, like: â€Å"we’ll have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit hutch and chickens. And when it rains in the winter, we ‘II Just say the hell with goin to work, and we’ll build up a fire in the stove and set around it an’ listen to the rain comin’ down on the roof†Nuts! † (14-15) Through the comparison to other ranch hands, George recognizes that he cannot simply accept such a meaningless life with the grind and poverty of working on ranch, as George described in the book: â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don ‘t belong no place†¦ They ain’t got nothing to look ahead to. â€Å"(13-14) This makes George believe that Lennie and him are in a unique situation, because they share a â€Å"symbiotic relationship† ( Halyersmcq) by depending each other to provide a sense of yearning for a small land to dwell in happiness, after their enduring hardship on ranch. So, this is why George claims that â€Å"With us it ain’t like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. † (14) Secondly, through Lennie ‘s killing of Curleys wife which eventually results in their dream lost, Steinbeck shows his audience that Just simply having and sharing a dream is not enough to bring it to reality, due to the unavoidable obstacles. Each person must be aware that obstacles against their dream tend to be difficult but not insurmountable, as long as they work hard and focus entirely on the eventual objective; otherwise, the dream would be never within reach, or even crushed by the cruel world. The intellectual handicap of Lennie limits the possibility of achieving their dream, which makes George feel that it is always hard to keep Lennie out of trouble and keep them on track for dream. As a result, Lennie’s innocent preoccupation with touching soft objects becomes the undoing of their dream in the end. In the story, when Lennie strokes the hair of Curley’s wife by irritating herself, he tries to make her calm with yelling that â€Å"Oh! Please don’t do none of that, George gonna say I done a bad thing. He ain’t gonna let me tend no rabbits. â€Å"(91), but finally Lennie unintentionally kills her of did that. George’ll be mad. â€Å"(92) At this point, it is the seeming desire of Lennie to keep dream safe but actually his fixation on the hair of Curley ‘s wife that destroys heir dream eventually. Therefore, this irony also confirms the ultra negative assertion from Crooks, who is a black stable-hand in the novel, that it is as impossible for ranch hands to get as a piece of land. â€Å"l seen hundreds of men come by on the road an’ that same damn thing in their heads. Hundreds of them. They come, an’ they quit an’ go on; an’ every damn one of ’em’s got a little piece of land in his head. An’ never a God damn one of ’em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Ever’body wants a little piece of Ian’. I read a plenty of books out here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It’s Just in their head. The’re all the time talkin’ about it, but it’s Jus’ in their head. â€Å"(74) Thirdly, the idea that dream is to a large extent reigned over by the philosophy of fate is reinforced in the story. Steinbeck hints to the reader that â€Å"fate keeps you set where you are, and no matter what you do, fate will keep you controlled by what is available to you in your life style. â€Å"(Haylersmcq) In the story, because George and Lennie are unable to enjoy their position in the ranch all the ime, they desire to own a piece of land and start a new life; but yet fate is against them and breaks their dream, when the goal seems Just within their grasp. Then, George and Lennie are â€Å"once again stuck where they had started, with nothing. † (Haylersmcq) Perhaps, this ending makes George to some extent perceive that their dream is bound to be a failure regardless how much effort they make, due to the uncontrolled fate. So, this is why he says softly to Candy at the end of story that â€Å"†l think I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed we’d never do her. He usta like o hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would. (94) However, another main character, Slim, who is known as â€Å"the prince of the ranch† (33), seems different from George and Lennie in the story, because he is not enslaved by dreams; instead, he shows his happiness and satisfaction on working as a mule skinner in the ranch. Steinbeck’s depiction on Slim makes him a bit of a perfectionist with charismatic personality and excellent skills, as: â€Å"†¦ capable of driving ten, sixteen, even twenty mules with a s ingle line to the leaders. He was capable of killing a fly on the heeler’s butt with a bull whip without touching the mule. There was a gravity in his manner and a quiet so profound that all talk stopped when he spoke. His authority was so great that his word was taken on my subject, be it politics or love. This was Slim, the Jerkline skinner. † (33) It allows us to see that Slim is one of those odd and rare individuals who are able to find and accept their position in the work and life, instead of to challenge the fate, because the nature of this acceptance is a kind of inner peace which could let people have a clear vision of what they want to get (Mwestwood). To conclude, in Of Mice and Men, dreams are integrated with hope, reality, and fate. The nature of dreams is a hope but there are still obstacles to overcome in reality. In addition, dreams are controlled by the fate, which is always so irresistible and unchallenged that to accept your position in the world is more important than to have a dream. Reference List 1 . Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguim, 1993. 2. Hylersmcq. Characters dreams for a better life within mice and men? Web. Jan 28, 2012. 3. Mwestwood. Why doesn ‘t Slim share other men ‘s dreams in Of Mice and Men? How to cite Men and Mice, Papers

Sonnet 130 Essay Example

Sonnet 130 Paper William Shakespeares Sonnets is a collection of 154 sonnets published in the early 17th century towards the end of the Renaissance period. It was addressed to two distinct audiences in mind. The first 126 sonnets are written to a young man while Sonnets 127 to 154 are addressed to a dark lady. Emotional conflicts are covered in depth as a main theme in these sonnets and this essay will examine Sonnet 130, a parody of courtly love in light of the context in which it was based. The sonnet form evolved during the high Italian Middle Ages, most famously in the vernacular lyrics of Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) and Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374). The form of a book sized collection of sonnets was a familiar lyric genre at the end of the Renaissance (late 16th century). French and Italian poets favored the Italian sonnet form two groups of four lines, or quatrains (always rhymed a-b-b-a a-b-b-a), followed by two groups of three lines, or tercets (variously rhymed c-c-d e-e-d or c-c-d e-d-e). This condensed five rhyme palette (a-e) creates a sonorous music in the vowel rich Romance languages. However, in English, the scheme can sound contrived and monotonous, particularly in a series of sonnets on the same theme. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 130 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 130 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 130 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, Shakespeare followed the more idiomatic rhyme scheme which interlaces a rhyming pair of couplets to make a quatrain. Overall, it is presented as three differently rhymed quatrains and a concluding couplet. This is can be seen in Figure 1: Sonnet 130 My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head I have seen roses, damasked, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks, And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks I love to hear her speak, yet will I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go My mistress when she walks treads on the ground. And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Figure1 : Sonnet 130, Shake-speares Sonnets, A.D1607 The Shakespearean sonnet affords two additional rhyme endings (a-g, 7 in all) so that each rhyme is heard only once. This enlarges the range of rhyme sounds and words the poet can use and allows the poet to combine the sonnet lines in rhetorically more complex ways. Sonnet 130 is the only Shakespearean sonnet which models a form of poetry called the blazon, popular in the 16th century used to describe heraldry. It presents a detailed summary of all of the main features and colors of an illustration. A typical blazon of a person would start with the hair and work downward, focusing on eyes, ears, lips, neck, bosom and so on. Shakespeares Sonnet 130 is interesting because it works by inverting the traditions of the blazon form and the conventions of Petrarchan love poetry which idealized the description of the female body. All the twelve lines do not praise or idealize the beauty of the physical features of his lover, but on the contrary, criticize her physical features by revealing the shortcomings in them by contrasting her physical features with their respective idealised poetic versions. The emphasis on criticism is strengthened with the use of iambic pentameter. For example, my MIS/tress EYES/ are NO/thing LIKE/ the SUN/ highlights the key words that Shakespeare would like to stress when read with this beat and word stress. This provides the reader with an auditory tempo that draws out the essence of the embedded message, which seeks to convey that miss eyes no like sun in a concise form. A close reading of the sonnet reveals Shakespeares skill in crafting a precise sonnet within structural confines of an octet, a sestet and a pair of rhyming couplets. The first eight lines, the octet, are written in a way that a cursory glance at the words would give the reader a misreading of the intended meaning. The choice of words employed by Shakespeare are that which are common in the lexical field of words used for Partrachan love poetry that glorify a lovers external appearances to a level of almost goddess-like beauty. Words like eyes, sun, red, lips, roses, cheeks and delight are chosen by Shakespeare to describe the dark lady. This witty choice of words may be misread by the reader who is flippant in the reading of the text, without noting how such words are used for contrast rather than description. It shows the possibility that at first glance, a woman may be perceived as possessing such beautiful traits. Similarly, love is deceptive at first but is revealed over time to be humanely imperfect, unlike its initial goddess-like image. This theme is carried on in the sonnet, embedded in the play of words to emphasize how human love is fla wed but still very much beautiful. A key element in Sonnet 130 that appeals to me as a reader is the historical information gleaned from a close reading. In the tropical waters in Asia, coral vary in colour and texture. However, the coral referenced in line two, Coral is far more red, than her lips red place this poem in a specific geographical region of the Red Sea and Mediterranean, providing the reader a cultural context in which it is read and enhancing the element of verisimilitude. In a modern context, this species of Red Coral is common. However it was rare in Shakespeares time and prized as a precious stone, being used as a decorative item in homes. Shakespeare effectively uses sarcasm and contrast to parody how a Partrarchan sonnet was usually written. Line threes If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun (grayish-brown) is a countermand to extravagant claims by other poets of white, snowy skin when they describe womens bosoms. The imagery of breasts being dark-coloured is a deliberate portrayal to provoke the readers into contrasting their mental image of how an idealized lover should look like since breasts were often compared to pearl or ivory in Elizabethan poetry depicting fair-skinned western women. In line four, an example of misreading can be extracted. If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head should be read in the context of a renaissance setting. Then, metal wires had not been invented and the wires cited refer to the ribbons, jewelry and embroidery woven into womens hair as adornment. Wire does not refer to an industrial object but a sign of beauty. Hence, the purpose of this last line in the first quartrain is to symbolize the distinction of black as a colour and as a symbol of darkness. This is supported in sonnet 127, where black and beauty is paired in several lines to hint to the reader that this lady he is writing to may be a dark-skinned woman or that their relationship is dark and complicated. It was part of the courtly tradition of love to declare that the goddess whom one adored had virtually no human qualities. But no such roses see I in her cheeks gives an illustration of a beauty literally portrayed according to the extravagant conceits of the time. And in some perfumes is there more delight provides an insight into the traditional world of sonnets where the beloveds breath smelled sweeter than all perfumes. All her qualities were divine. This can be seen in Cymbeline, one of Shakespeares later plays (A.D 1609-10), where Iachimo describes Imogen, whom he hopes to seduce. How dearly they dot! Tis her breathing that perfumes the chamber thus. In line eight, than in the breath that from my mistress reeks, reeks stems from the original meaning of to emit smoke. This is common in the Scottish expression long may your lang (chimney) reek. Shakespeares choice of words is precise in juxtaposing breath and reeks, eliciting a sharp response from the reader to shun this person for her seemingly bad breath. This expression is effective in depicting a contrasting imagery between the idealized mistress and this woman whom Shakespeare paints as a antithesis to the Partrarchan ideals of beauty. However, the mood of the poem shifts, and the poet expresses a revelation or epiphany at the beginning of the third quatrain. This marks the volta (turn), in which Shakespeare salvages the readers perception of this lady by putting it into context of his commitment to love her despite her seemingly abundant physical flaws. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound The introduction of this declaration underscores Shakespeares commitment in listening to his lovers voice despite the knowledge that music might sound better. Such a juxtaposition of sounds provide the reader an understanding that in reality, the notion of a lovers voice being melodious and soothing is all in the perception of the hearer. It does not affect the commitment expressed in a relationship grounded in honesty and qualities that transcend superficial lust and physical attraction. The next line, I grant I never saw a goddess go is positioned as a response to the common description of lovers being non-mortal such that even their walk is different from mortals. This can be cross-referenced to Shakespeares poem on Venus and Adonis, during Aeneas encounter with Venus in Virgils Aeneid vera incessu patuit dea (by her gait she was revealed as a true goddess). Here, Shakespeare presents to the reader a woman who defies romanticized, literary conventions of beauty as he boldly declares that My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground My beloved is human, a goddess with earthly feet Here, he asserts that divine comparisons are not relevant, for his beloved is beautiful without being a goddess. This concept of ascribing earthly features to ones lover was a radical move by Shakespeare that served to construct a humane quality instead of superficially elevating her to the unrealistic level of goddess or what we know today as supermodels. Shakespeare invests the ending couplet with special significance. It characterizes the musings of the three quatrains in a sardonic, detached or aphoristic voice, standing in some way aloof from the more turbulent and heartfelt outpouring of the quatrains. And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, As any she belied with false compare. The couplet provides an evaluation of how he judges the standard of his love. Rare is used by Shakespeare to ascribe superb and precious quality. It is used in later plays by Shakespeare, as in the famous description of Cleopatra floating on her barge, which is put in the mouth of Domitius, Agrippa exclaims, To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool, And what they undid did. AGRIPPA O, rare for Antony! The phrase belied with false compare reinforces the point that he has taken measures to extol her honestly and not accede to the use of superficial descriptions. Despite not being a goddess his beloved may be as rare to him as if she were Cleopatra. This sums up the feelings of the poet toward his lover of great admiration and the high esteem in which he holds her. A pun on the word compeer is also expressed in false compare. Compeer hints that she is comparable to him, equal in status and regard. This equality in their relationship reveals how Shakespeare esteems her to be his equal, someone whom he can confide in and relate to. In conclusion, study of the syntax, choice of words and allusions to contemporary events in Shakespeares sonnets suggests that the sonnets addressed to the sensual woman (the dark lady sonnets) echo passages in Loves Labours Lost, written in 1594 and revised in 1597. Overall, the emotional conflicts the sonnets describe seem to date from throughout the 1590s, when Shakespeare was in his 30s. Because all the poems were likely revised right up to the time of the quartos publication in the summer of 1609, the completed cycle stands as the evolving testimony, perfected in Shakespeares maturity in defining beauty.